Commodities: Fieldcrops: Peanuts

2009 Peanut Update

UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA PEANUT BREEDING PROGRAM

Bill Branch

“GEORGIA GREEN” is a high-yielding, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)-resistant runner-type peanut variety that was released in 1995 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Georgia. Georgia Green is highly productive, and has very good stability across many different environments. Year after year, it is hard to beat Georgia Green in overall performance. In state yield tests conducted at multilocations in Georgia since 2003, Georgia Green was found to have a higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per acre than two other new medium maturing runner-type varieties: AP-3 and AT-3081R.

After more than a decade of research tests, Georgia Green still maintains a stable high level of resistance to TSWV. It also has a high level of Rhizoctonia limb rot resistance which most other varieties do not have.

Georgia Green has had a significantly positive impact by remaining highly productive over several years and a wide-range of environments (irrigated and dryland production, single or twin rows, conventional as well as reduced tillage.) In spite of the recent stresses and increased TSWV disease pressure, growers still produce top yields with Georgia Green. During 2001, Georgia produced the second highest average state yield of 3330 lbs/a with TSWV, and 2003 was yet another excellent year for the farmers-favorite Georgia Green peanut variety which set a new record high average state yield of 3450 lbs/a beating the previous record set back in 1984 with Florunner at a time without tomato spotted wilt virus.

Georgia Green has many other good attributes and desirable traits in addition to producing excellent yields, grades, and dollar value returns per acre for the peanut growers. It has regular runner seed size which saves growers in seed costs and which shellers prefer for pod and seed size distribution and shellout compared to larger runner varieties. It has a medium maturity which is about 2-3 weeks earlier than the later maturing runner varieties.

For the consumer, Georgia Green offers very good flavor and nutritional qualities similar to the all-time best U. S. standard Florunner variety. In a recent large-scale multiple state and year study, Georgia Green was found to be comparable or better in roasted peanut flavor and taste in comparison to Florunner. Overall, the Georgia Green peanut variety continues to benefit the whole peanut industry (growers, shellers, manufacturers, and consumers).

“GEORGIA-01R” is a new multiple pest resistant runner-type peanut variety that was released in 2001 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It too was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Georgia-01R has shown good resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), both early and late leafspots, stem rot or white mold, Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), and leafhoppers, which should be beneficial in lowering production costs. When grown with recommended or reduced pesticides, Georgia-01R was found to have a significantly lower percentage of disease incidence, higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per acre than C-99R. Georgia-01R has the same late maturity and spreading runner growth habit as C-99R.

“GEORGIA-02C” is a new high-oleic runner-type variety that was released in 2002 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was also developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station at Tifton, GA. Georgia-02C can have later maturity than Georgia Green with seed and pod size slightly larger. It also has the high oleic and low linoleic fatty acid oil chemistry with spreading runner growth habit. Georgia-02C has resulted in higher yields, grades, and dollar value returns per acre than all of the other high-oleic varieties: Florida-07, AT-3085RO, York, and McCloud. Georgia-02C has excellent TSWV resistance as well as CBR resistance.

“GEORGIA-03L” is a new large-podded runner-type peanut variety that was released in 2003 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. Georgia-03L has similar maturity as Georgia Green with pods and seed significantly larger. Georgia-03L also has a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and moderate resistance to both early and late leafspot as well as soilborne diseases: white mold or stem rot and CBR. It has a high percentage of large smooth bright pods with an intermediate runner growth habit and pink seedcoat color. Georgia-03L is highly productive and was found to be higher in yield than Georgia Green and C-99R. Georgia-03L combines disease resistance with large pods, medium maturity, and excellent yields. It has very good stability and a wide range of adaptability throughout the major peanut production areas.

“GEORGIA Hi-O/L” is a new high-O/L ratio virginia-type peanut variety that was released in 1999 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Georgia Hi-O/L has high oleic (O) and low linoleic (L) fatty acid ratio for improved oil quality. In 50 tests conducted at multiple locations in Georgia during the past ten-years (1998-07), Georgia Hi-O/L was found to have a significantly higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per acre than Gregory and NC-V 11. Georgia Hi-O/L also has a good level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). It has an intermediate runner growth habit, pink seedcoat color, a large proportion of extra large kernels (ELK) and it is very similar to other virginia-types in maturity. Georgia Hi-O/L combines high yield with high TSWV resistance and high O/L ratio.

“GEORGIA VALENCIA” is a new valencia-type peanut variety that was released in 2000 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. AGEORGIA RED@ is a similar valencia-type variety that was jointly released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations and USDA-ARS in 1986. Both Georgia Valencia and Georgia Red are excellent choices for the fresh-market boiling trade in the Southeast because of their high yield performance, large fruit size, and compact bunch growth habit. In Georgia Peanut Variety Tests, the seven-year (2001-2007) average performance shows Georgia Valencia and Georgia Red to have higher yields, grades, and dollar values compared to Valencia McRan, New Mexico Valencia C, New Mexico Valencia A, H & W Val 101, and H & W Val 102. Both Georgia Valencia and Georgia Red also have better disease tolerance with similar maturity as these other valencia varieties.

“GEORGIA-04S” is a new high-oleic small-seeded peanut variety that was released in 2004 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station. Georgia-04S is intended for the same confectionary or candy market as used by spanish-types. However, Georgia-04S would also be excellent for the roasted or peanut butter trade as well. It has pods and seed size similar to other spanish market type varieties. Georgia-04S has shown a significantly higher yield, TSMK grade, and dollar value per acre compared to all other leading spanish varieties during the past eight years (2000-2007) in Georgia. Georgia-04S also has significantly better tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance than these other spanish varieties.

“GEORGIA-05E” is a new high-oleic, multiple-pest-resistant, virginia-type peanut variety that was released in 2005 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Georgia-05E has the high-oleic (O) and low linoleic (L) fatty acid ratio for improved oil quality. In multilocation tests conducted in Georgia during the past seven-years (2000-07), Georgia-05E was found to have a significantly higher yield, grade, and dollar value return per acre than Georgia Hi-O/L. These other virginia-type varieties are also very susceptible to both early and late leafspots. However, Georgia-05E has shown leafspot resistance and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance comparable to some of the more disease resistant runner-types. It has also shown moderate insect resistance to potato leafhopper. Georgia-05E has a runner growth habit, medium-late maturity, tan seedcoat color, and a higher percentage of extra large kernels (ELK) compared to other virginia-types.

“GEORGIA-06G” and “GEORGIA GREENER” are two new high-yielding, TSWV-resistant, runner-type peanut varieties that were released in 2006 by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. Both were developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Georgia-06G and Georgia Greener have a high level of resistance to spotted wilt disease caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). In multilocation tests conducted in Georgia during the past several years, Georgia-06G and Georgia Greener were found to be among the lowest in TSWV incidence and total disease incidence, highest in pod yield, TSMK grade, and dollar value return per acre compared to all of the other runner-types tested each and every year. Georgia-06G is a large-seeded runner-type peanut variety; whereas, Georgia Greener is more of a regular seed size runner-type variety. Each has an immediate or decumbent runner growth habit and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green.

“GEORGIA-07W” is a new high-yielding, TSWV-resistant, white mold-resistant, runner-type peanut variety that was released in 2007. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Georgia-07W has a high level of resistance to both diseases, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and white mold or stem rot. In multilocation tests conducted in Georgia during the past several years, Georgia-07W was found to be among the lowest in TSWV incidence and total disease incidence, highest in yield, grade, and dollar value return per acre. Georgia-07W is a large-seeded runner-type variety with a runner growth habit and medium maturity. It also has very good stability and a wide-range of adaptability.

“GEORGIA-08V” is a new high-yielding, high-oleic, TSWV-resistant, large-seeded, virginia-type peanut cultivar that was released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2008. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. Georgia-08V has the high-oleic (O) and low linoleic (L) fatty acid ratio for improved oil quality. During the past four years (2004-07) averaged over multilocations tests in Georgia, Georgia-08V had significantly less TSWV disease incidence, higher yield and percent ELK, larges seed size, and greater dollar value return per acre compared to the check cultivar, Gregory, Perry, and NC-V 11. Georgia-08V has also showed significantly higher yield, ELK percentage, and dollar value than Georgia Hi-O/L, and was also found to have the largest seed size of all of the virginia-type check cultivars tested, including Georgia-05E.

Table 1. Four-Year Average Dollar Value Return per Acre of 16 Runner-Type Peanut Varieties across Multilocations in Georgia, 2005-08.

Runner	Gross Dollar Values ($/a)				4-Yr
Variety	2005	2006	2007	2008	Mean
Georgia-06G	662	806	770	853	773
Georgia Greener	646	805	751	823	756
*Georgia-02C	592	774	752	822	735
Georgia-03L	589	789	688	770	709
Georgia-01R	592	761	663	797	703
C-99R	564	696	650	733	661
Georgia Green	590	694	660	685	657
AT-3081R	525	691	586	715	629
AP-3	517	652	631	709	627
Georgia-07W	-	858	773	868	-
*Florida-07	-	750	733	800	-
*York	-	686	705	720	-
*AT-3085RO	-	711	652	749	-
*McCloud	-	637	632	750	-
Tifguard	-	-	709	764	-
AP-4	-	-	691	754	-

* High-Oleic Varieties

Table 2. Three-Year Average Yield (lb/a) of Runner-Type Peanut Varieties under Irrigation and Nonirrigation at Multilocations in Georgia, 2006-08.

Runner	Tifton		Plains		Midville
Variety	Irrig.	Nonirrig	Irrig.	Nonirrig	Irrig.	Nonirrig†
Georgia-07W	5873	4527	4879	3969	4784	3621
Georgia-06G	5537	4185	5086	3985	4673	3478
Georgia Greener	5522	3915	5240	4175	4495	3136
Georgia-02C	5151	4436	5140	4003	4385	3386
Florida-07	5546	4300	5445	4173	4751	3761
Georgia-03L	5007	4114	4981	3897	4403	3306
Georgia-01R	5370	4520	4836	3664	4718	3127
York	4892	4227	4705	3742	4124	2980
AT-3085RO	5409	3474	5041	4014	5022	3104
C-99R	5251	4005	4725	3385	4525	3328
Georgia Green	4885	3205	4433	3084	3974	2888
McCloud	5195	3985	4156	3647	4409	2962
AT-3081R	5201	3700	4570	3662	4522	2954
AP-3	5045	4221	4352	3569	4071	3141

† Mean of two-years (2007 and 2008). Missing 2006 data from Midville nonirrigated test.

Table 3. Seven-Year Average Yield, Grade, Seed Size and Dollar Value of Seven Valencia-Type Peanut Varieties in Georgia, 2001-07.

Valencia	Yield	TSMK	Seed	Value
Variety	(lb/a)	(%)	(no./lb)	($/a)
Georgia Valencia	2507 a	58 b	852 d	413 a
Georgia Red	1990 b	63 a	1005 c	363 a
N.M. Val. C.	1559 c	56 c	1252 ab	252 b
H & W Val. 101	1566 c	55 cd	1205 b	249 b
Val. McRan	1585 c	53 de	1234 ab	249 b
N.M. Val. A.	1567 c	53 de	1288 a	241 b
H & W Val. 102	1478 c	54 cde	1233 ab	225 b