Bridging the gap between genomics clues and improved cotton

Summary

A national team that I lead has produced genome sequences for representatives of a diverse sampling of cotton genotypes, and is building genetic populations that will link specific genes in the genome sequences to needs of cotton producers, processors, and consumers.

Situation

The Gossypium (cotton) genus presents a novel opportunity to advance our understanding of the natural world, while also nurturing bio-based carbon sequestration alternatives to petrochemical use and improving the sustainability and profitability of crop production. The Gossypium genus has spawned one of the world's most important crops (cotton), which is Georgia's #1 row crop and sustains one of the world's largest industries (textiles). However, the genomes of cultivated cottons are complex, in fact including two different genomes that evolved independently for 5-10 million years before being reunited in a common ancestor of both Upland and Pima/Sea Island/Egyptian cottons.

Response

Our prior 'gold-standard' sequence of the cotton genome provides a foundation that we are using together with 'next generation sequencing' and new population development strategies for capturing the diversity of cotton genotypes that confers natural variations important in nature and agriculture.

Impact

Exploratory applications of these new resources are in progress, with funding being sought to scale up measurement of cotton yield and quality variations across the US Cotton Belt, to realize the full benefit of these resources to connect field measurements to genetic differences. A reference genome sequence developed and analyzed by an international consortium that I led, has provided a platform for integration of a wealth of research findings and data sets toward formulation of a rich collection of hypotheses about potential roles of specific genes in cotton quality and productivity, the ability to reduce demands on environmental resources, and the opportunity to address challenges posed by global climate change. We have now moved beyond the initial genome sequence in two ways – first, we have sequenced diploid progenitors, more distant relatives, all tetraploid species, and cultivars from each US production region, capturing much of the spectrum of natural cotton diversity. Second, we have developed genetic populations that permit the evaluation of much of the spectrum of natural diversity of Upland cotton, in commercially relevant genetic backgrounds.

State Issue

Plant Production

Details

• Year: 2015
• Geographic Scope: International
• County: Clarke
• Program Areas:
  • Agriculture & Natural Resources